| Property | Specification |
| Appearance | Brown, whole bean or ground |
| Shape | Oval (whole); granular (ground) |
| Size | 8-15 mm (whole bean); varies (ground) |
| Texture | Smooth (whole); gritty (ground) |
| Odor | Aromatic, roasted |
| Taste | Bitter, slightly acidic |
| Density | 0.6 - 0.8 g/cm³ (ground) |
| Moisture | 9-12% |
| pH | 4.85 - 5.10 (slightly acidic) |
| Solubility | Varies with brewing method |
| Oil Content | 10-15% |