Iron Oxide Copper Gold

Property	Specification
Composition	Primarily Iron Oxides (Hematite, Magnetite), Copper Sulfides, Gold, Silver
Color	Reddish-brown to dark brown (due to iron oxides); may have greenish copper tones
Crystal System	Various, depending on associated minerals (Hematite: Trigonal; Magnetite: Isometric)
Hardness (Mohs)	5.0 – 6.5 (varies depending on mineral content)
Specific Gravity	3.5 – 5.3 (higher due to presence of metallic minerals like magnetite, hematite)
Luster	Metallic to earthy
Magnetic Properties	Often magnetic due to magnetite content
Texture	Granular to massive; brecciated zones common
Ore Minerals	Chalcopyrite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Native Gold, Magnetite, Hematite
Gangue Minerals	Quartz, Apatite, Carbonates, Feldspars, Actinolite
Alteration Zones	Potassic, Sodic-calcic, Iron oxide, Sericitic, Silicic
Host Rock	Commonly in volcanic, sedimentary, and intrusive rocks
Occurrence Form	Breccia pipes, stockworks, veins, disseminated zones
Density	3.8 – 4.6 g/cm³ (depends on iron and copper concentration)

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